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9 oldest libraries in the world

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march 24, 2025

Source: oldest.org
Image: Shutterstock

library painting

Libraries have stood as pillars of knowledge and bastions of progress since ancient times.

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Image: wikipedia.org/Public domain

library

Let's rewind the clock and look at some of the oldest libraries in the world!

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Image: Pexels

Al-Qarawiyyin Library

Established: 859 AD
Located: Fez, Morocco
It is part of the oldest continuously operating university in the world, the University of al-Qarawiyyin. 

9. Al-Qarawiyyin Library

Image: wikipedia.org/Hiroki Ogawa

Established: 545-568 AD
Located:  Sinai, Egypt
It is the oldest library still in existence and preserves the second-largest collection of ancient codices and manuscripts, after the Vatican.

8.  Saint Catherine’s Monastery Library

Image: wikimedia.org/Florian Prischl

Established: 337-361 AD
Located: Istanbul, Turkey
The ancient world’s last great library, destroyed in 1204 is the source of nearly all the Greek classics known today.

7. Imperial Library of Constantinople

Image: wikipedia.org/Public domain

Established: 250-300 AD
Located: Caesarea, Israel
It was the the largest Christian library of its time, consisting of more than 30,000 manuscripts. It was destroyed in 638 AD.

6. Theological Library of Caesarea Maritima

Image: wikipedia.org/Public domain

Established: 197 AD
Located: Pergamum, Turkey
It was a stark rival to the Library of Alexandria and is said to have housed 200,000 manuscripts. It was destroyed around 262 AD.

5. Library of Pergamum

Image: wikipedia.org/Public domain

Established: 300-201 BC
Located: Alexandria, Egypt
It was the largest library in the ancient world, said to have been founded by Alexander the Great. It is believed to have been destroyed around 30 BC.

4. Library of Alexandria

Image: wikipedia.org/Public domain

Established: 668 BC
Located: Mosul, Iraq
It was named after Ashurbanipal, the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

3. Royal Library of Ashurbanipal

Image: wikipedia.org/Gary Todd

Established: 1200-1400 BC
Located: Ras Shamra, Syria
The Ugarit archives, discovered in 1929 uncovered multiple libraries, including a palace library, a temple library and two private libraries.

2. Ugarit Library

Image: wikipedia.org/BabelStone

Established: 2500-2250 BC
Located: Mardikh, Syria
The Royal Library of the ancient Kingdom of Ebla is thought to be the oldest library in the world. 

1. Ebla Library

Image: wikipedia.org/ALFGRN

7 wonders of the ancient world

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